Step 1 | 5 Musculoskeletal System

5.1       Normal processes

5.1.1    embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes

5.1.2    organ structure and function

5.1.3    cell/tissue structure and function

5.1.3.1     biology of bones, joints, tendons, skeletal muscle
5.1.3.2     exercise and physical conditioning

5.1.4    repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life

5.2       Abnormal processes

5.2.1    infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders

5.2.1.1     infectious disorders (eg, septic arthritis, Lyme disease, osteomyelitis)
5.2.1.2     inflammatory disorders (eg, fibrositis, synovitis, tenosynovitis) (includes costochondritis)
5.2.1.3     immunologic disorders (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica)

5.2.2    traumatic and mechanical disorders

5.2.2.1     fractures
5.2.2.2     sprains, strains, dislocations
5.2.2.3     repetitive motion injuries (eg, carpal tunnel syndrome)

5.2.3    neoplastic disorders (eg, osteosarcoma, metastatic disease)

5.2.4    metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders

5.2.4.1     disorders of musculoskeletal development (eg, dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta)
5.2.4.2     osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteodystrophy
5.2.4.3     gout
5.2.4.4     muscular dystrophy

5.2.5    vascular disorders (eg, polyarteritis nodosa, bone infarcts)

5.2.6    systemic disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system (eg, diabetes mellitus)

5.2.7    idiopathic disorders (eg, Dupuytren contracture, scoliosis, Paget disease)

5.2.8    degenerative disorders (eg, disc disease, osteoarthritis)

5.3       Principles of therapeutics

5.3.1    mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

5.3.1.1     nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics
5.3.1.2     muscle relaxants
5.3.1.3     antigout therapy (eg, allopurinol, colchicine, uricosuric drugs)
5.3.1.4     immunosuppressive drugs (eg, glucocorticoids, gold, cytotoxic agents)
5.3.1.5     drugs affecting bone mineralization (eg, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen analogs)

5.3.2    other therapeutic modalities (eg, radiation, surgery, casts, rehabilitation)

5.4       Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental

5.4.1    emotional and behavioral factors (eg, diet, exercise, seat belts, bicycle helmets)

5.4.2    influence on person, family, and society (eg, osteoporosis, fractures in elderly, alcohol abuse and fractures)

5.4.3    occupational and other environmental risk factors (eg, athletes, musicians)

5.4.4    gender and ethnic factors (eg, bone mass)