COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Explained

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For more resources on the vaccines, including ingredients, please see below:

• Efficacy and Safety of mRNA Vaccines:
  • Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Moderna)
  • Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech)
  • Inside the new mRNA vaccines for COVID-19: How the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines work to prime the human immune system to fight SARS-CoV-2
• Dispelling Common Myths
  • Coronavirus mRNA vaccines do not cause infertility: 
    • False claims tying coronavirus vaccines to infertility drive doubts among women of childbearing age
    • The False Rumors About Vaccines That Are Scaring Women
    • Why COVID Vaccines are Falsely Linked to Infertility
      
      
  • mRNA vaccines based on 3 decades of research:
    
    • Facts about mRNA Vaccines and the Decades of Research That Went into Creating Them
    • Why are mRNA Vaccines So Exciting?
      
      
• mRNA Vaccine Ingredients:
  • Moderna: Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), lipids (SM-102, polyethylene glycol [PEG] 2000 dimyristoyl glycerol [DMG], cholesterol, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DSPC]), tromethamine, tromethamine hydrochloride, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and sucrose.
  • Pfizer: mRNA, lipids ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate), 2 [(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide, 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, and cholesterol), potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, and sucrose.

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Infographic created with Biorender by Dr. Angela Messmer-Blust, edited by Dr. Mary Pickering.