Research and Strategies to Prevent & Cure Type 1 Diabetes
Our ultimate goal is a cure for the millions of people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). First, we must fundamentally understand the root causes of the disease. Diabetes was cured in mice in the 1970’s, however rodent cures do not translate to humans.
Scientific Challenges to Type 1 Diabetes Research
It is extremely difficult to study the autoimmunity of the insulin-producing beta cells located in the pancreas. It's dangerous to biopsy the human pancreas, and rodent models do not replicate human T1D.
Our Scientists and Collaborators Have...
Developed "humanized" mouse models to study human cells & tissues
UMass Chan Diabetes Center of Excellence (DCOE) co-director Dale Greiner, PhD, developed and improved “humanized” mice, in collaboration with The Jackson Laboratory. These "living test tubes" allow our scientists to study human cells & tissue in a human immune setting.
Perfected techniques to remove human pancreatic tissue from deceased donors and isolated beta cells & immune cells
Our team has developed a novel tool to extract islets from slices of human pancreas obtained from deceased donors who generously donated their organs to science. We study and compare cell types from people of varied demographics and stages of diabetes.
Isolated & characterized immune cells that attack insulin-producing beta cells
Our novel methods of isolating and studying individual human islets provide snapshots of an individual's cells during autoimmunity at various stages of the disease process. Examining a diseased human islet, with immune cells still intact, allows our scientists to investigate the interaction between those human immune cells & beta cells. Identifying immune cell targets and beta cell response will show us how beta cells are dying, helping to understand the autoimmune attack.
Located beta cells that express important immune pathway gene products
The Harlan and Kent labs definitively put to rest a three decades old debate about whether beta cells express human leukocyte antigen class II.
Observed interactions between human cells & tissues from people with T1D
Human cells and tissue described above are transplanted into our humanized mice to observe how beta cells from an individual with diabetes interact with their own immune cells. Replicating the human disease process allows us to investigate how and where the autoimmune attack is occurring.
Collaborated to develop a stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy
Fourteen scientists from leading institutions throughout New England, including UMass Chan DCOE principal investigators, Drs. David Harlan, Dale Greiner, Michael Brehm, Sally Kent, René Maehr, Jennifer Wang and Accalia Fu are working as a team to genetically modify stem cell-derived islets and camouflage them from autoimmune attack. The plan is to eliminate the need for immunosuppressant drugs after implanting those insulin-producing beta-like cells.
Collaborating with The Jackson Laboratory, Harvard Medical School and Children's Medical Center, UMass Chan DCOE scientists are creating and transplanting stemcell-derived beta-like cells into our unique humanized mouse models to recreate & observe human T1D in a way that's never been done before. The ultimate goal is a therapy that can be scaled into clinical trials and ultimately cure diabetes.
DCOE Research Labs